The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relationship (official or unofficial) between training and physical education (PE) in high schools through examination of official instruction booklets, professional reviews and publications, and publications about training written by PE teachers. It shows the change in official concepts, from polyvalent training based on natural and rational gymnastic methods, to specialized sports training, and eventually tipping into the teaching of training as an end in itself. The evolution of PE aims and the diversification of sports and physical activities in society offers the framework for analyzing this progression, focusing on discussions among key actors and the choices made by institutions.