Post – Staps

English

While the historiography of football referees is currently thriving, with research themes exploring the evolution of the structures, careers, and practices of the men and women in black, the topic of apprentice referees and training systems remains somewhat in the shadows. This research focuses on the years from 2000 to the early 2020s, examining the genesis and development of a training system aimed at young referees: sports sections specializing in football refereeing. Although the training of football players in schools began in the mid-1970s with sportsstudy programs, it was not until 2006 that the training of female and male referees was officially recognized, as refereeing bodies viewed the school environment as a relevant pool for recruiting and training new referees. From then on, in this dynamic of training young whistleblowers, the relationship between the National Education system and the French Football Federation was activated to promote refereeing that leans toward professionalism.